When your phone sends/receives text messages (specifically using SMS), the total data sent/received contains more than just your 160-character message. What is an example of this additional data, and why is it included

An SMS is a short code that is used by businesses to opt in consumers to their SMS programs, and then used to send text message coupons, offers, promotions to those customers that had previously opted.

Explanation:

When Someone tries to call you, the tower sends your phone a message over the control channel that tells your phone to play its ringtone. The tower gives your phone a pair of voice channel frequencies to use for the call.

The MMS and other data driven services works on the fundamental voice network and is based on the big three GSM, CDMA and TDMA network technologies. The SMS allows text messages of 160 characters (letters, numbers and symbols).

The text messaging is an act of composing and sending electronic messages consist of alphabetic and numeric character between two or more more mobile devices.

SMS stands for short messaging service, it refers to a protocol that is used for sending short messages over wireless networks.

SMS works on the fundamental principle voice network, and is based on the three big technologies (i.e. GSM, CDMA and TDMA) which makes it a universal service.

Explanation:

Data SMS messages are sent through the data network, using the  2G / 3G/4G  data connection.

A perfect example for data SMS use is when your recipient has  pay to receive the  text message even though they  may have unlimited texting. By using a data SMS service, all extra charges are avoided and the amount of data used by SMS messages is insignificant compared to even lite web page viewing.

Data SMS messages are sent not only through the data network (over your 2G / 3G data connection), but also through GSM as Text SMS.

The PDU of a text message has a User Data Headers (UDH) that defines a specific port on a handset