Currently there is a string called str1. write code to create a list called chars which should contain the characters from str1. each character in str1 should be its own element in the list chars.

Write the pseudocode for the following: a function called fahrenheittocelsius that accepts a real fahrenheit temperature, performs the conversion, and returns the real celsius temperature. a function called celsiustofahrenheit that accepts a real celsius temperature, performs the conversion, and returns the real fahrenheit temperature. a main module that asks user to enter a fahrenheit temperature, calls the fahrenheittocelsius function, and displays the celsius temperature with a user-friendly message. it then asks the user to enter a celsius temperature, calls the celsiustofahrenheit function, and displays the fahrenheit temperature with a user-friendly message.

When making changes to optimize part of a processor, it is often the case that speeding up one type of instruction comes at the cost of slowing down something else. for example, if we put in a complicated fast floating-point unit, that takes space, and something might have to be moved farther away from the middle to accommodate it, adding an extra cycle in delay to reach that unit. the basic amdahl's law equation does not take into account this trade-off. a. if the new fast floating-point unit speeds up floating-point operations by, on average, 2ă—, and floating-point operations take 20% of the original program's execution time, what is the overall speedup (ignoring the penalty to any other instructions)? b. now assume that speeding up the floating-point unit slowed down data cache accesses, resulting in a 1.5ă— slowdown (or 2/3 speedup). data cache accesses consume 10% of the execution time. what is the overall speedup now? c. after implementing the new floating-point operations, what percentage of execution time is spent on floating-point operations? what percentage is spent on data cache accesses?

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