When systems are created rapidly, without a formal development methodology

a. end users can take over the work of it specialists.
b. the organization quickly outgrows the new system.
c. hardware, software, and quality standards are less important.
d. testing and documentation may be inadequate.

The answer is D.

Explanation:

In some emergency situations or extreme cases when systems are rapidly created without the support of a formal development procedure, one of the first problems to arise is inadequate/incorrect testing and documentation which can lead to much bigger problems such as the system not running as planned, sofware/hardware malfunctions, up to the complete failure of the system. The other options do not have anything to do with the given example.

I hope this answer helps.

because we are smart

answer; defense;