Write a class named book containing:

a. three instance variables named title, author, and tableofcontents of type string. the value of tableofcontents should be initialized to the empty string.
b. an instance variable named nextpage of type int, initialized to 1.
c. a constructor that accepts two string parameters.
d. the value of the first is used to initialize the value of title and the value of the second is used to initialize author. a method named addchapter that accepts two parameters.
e. the first, of type string, is the title of the chapter; the second, is an integer containing the number of pages in the chapter. addchapter appends (that is concatenates) a newline followed by the chapter title followed by the string "" followed by the value of the nextpage instance variable to the tableofcontents.
f. the method also increases the value of nextpage by the number of pages in the chapter.
g. a method named getpages that accepts no parameters. getpages returns the number of pages in the book.
h. a method named gettableofcontents that accepts no parameters. gettableofcontents returns the values of the tableofcontents instance variable.
i. a method named tostring that accepts no parameters. tostring returns a string consisting of the value of title, followed by a newline character, followed by the value of author.

class Book:

       def __init__(self, title, author):

               self.title = title

               self.author = author

               self.tableOfContents = ''

               self.nextPage = 1

       def addChapter(self, title, numberOfPages):

               self.tableOfContents += '\n{}...{}'.format(title, self.nextPage)

               self.nextPage += numberOfPages

       def getPages(self):

               return self.nextPage

       def getTableOfContents(self):

              return self.tableOfContents

       def toString(self):

              return '{}\n{}'.format(self.title, self.author)

book1 = Book('Learning Programming with Python', 'Andrew')

Explanation:

NB: Please do not ignore the way the code snippet text was indented. This is intentional and the Python interpreter uses spaces/indentation to mark the start and end of blocks of code

Python is a language that supports Object Oriented Programming(OOP). To define a constructor in a Python class, we make use of the syntax:

def __init__(self)

When an object is instantiated from the class, the __init__ method which acts as the constructor is the first method that is called. This method basically is where initialisation occurs. Consider this line of code in the snippet above:

book1 = Book('Learning Programming with Python', 'Andrew'). Here, book1 is an object of the class Book and during the creation of this instance, the title attribute was Learning Programming with Python and the author attribute was Andrew.

Now with the book1 object or instance created, we can now call different methods of the Book class on the instance like so:

book1.getPages()

The above runs the getPages function in the Book class. Notice that this method although has a self attribute in the function, this was not called: book1.getPages() evaluation. The idea behind that is the instance of the class or the object of the class is represented by the self attribute. The concepts of OOP can be overwhelming at first but it is really interesting. You can reach out to me for more explanation on this subject and I will be honoured to help out.