Instead of sending an entire file in one big chunk across the internet, is used which dices the file up into little pieces that are sent independently across the communications paths, and then reassembled when they reach their destination.

TCP/IP

Explanation:

TCP/IP which stands for Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol are network protocols which divide your message into smaller chunks or fragments known as network packets and sends them out onto the Internet. When the chunks arrive at the intended destination, TCP/IP on the receiving end reassembles the network packets into the original message.

TCP/IP are the main protocols used for sending data over the internet.