What type of heat transfer warms our oceans and atmosphere

What layer of the atmosphere is directly above the troposphere?

If you burn 10 kilograms of wood in a fire (combustion) what is the weight of the products after the fire has finished burning the wood?

I'm learning about the periodic tables and what each subject's configuration is. for example, hydrogen is 1s^1, but i don't understand how you get that. can someone me understand how to figure out how to figure this out? sorry if the question makes no sense, but it would really a lot if you could me understand! you so much if you can!