If a student did not remove all of the bubbles from inside the buret before reading the initial volume and beginning the titration, will this cause the calculated concentration of the hydrochloric acid determined from that trial to be higher or lower than the actual concentration? explain your answer in complete sentences.

"among the transition metal elements, manganese and zinc have a slight lowering of electronegativities. the reason behind this is that the nuclear charges of these elements are slightly weaker than the other transition metal elements due to the way their valence electrons are filled up. both manganese and zinc have their valence electrons filled up to the 4th shell with 1 pair of electrons (4s2) completely occupying it. although the electrons in the 3rd shell (3d) are yet to be paired since the outer most shell is filled up, the ability of the nucleus to attract electrons is lessened. hence,   the electronegativity (or the ability to attract electrons) is lessened."

pie chart because it is in percents ( % )