Explain why some atoms gain or lose electrons to form ions.

The atoms gain or lose electrons to form to achieve the stable electronic configuration and form bonds.

Explanation:

The atom has electrons that are distributed in the shells. Each shell occupies a fixed number of electrons.

The atoms tend to move to the state of octet completion. In order to complete their octet, they tend to accept or donate electrons so that they can achieve a stable configuration.

The acceptance of an electron will impart a -ve charge onto the atom, while the donation of an electron will tend to impart a +ve charge to the atom.

So, in order to attain the stable electronic configuration, the electrons gain or lose electrons and form ions.

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the positions which points up in upward carbon and down in downward carbon are axial

and vice versa holds true for equatorial positions

so the correct answer with labelled diagram will be