What is the charge of the ions that halogens form when they react with metals

Why does a red shoe appear red in daylight

Alidded glass container is filled with a colored gas. after a period of time, it is observed that the gas is uniformly spread throughout the box and that the movement has slowed considerably. next, a warm iron plate is carefully placed under the box. why is there resumed movement of the gas in the container?

Why do electrons further from the nucleus have more energy