How does the modern periodic table arrange elements?

The periodic table of the elements is ordered in increasing order of the atomic number of the elements (this is their number of protons) and according to the similarity of their properties.

Explanation:

To classify the similarity in the properties, the elements are arranged in 7 rows, periodic calls, and in 18 columns, called groups.  

The chemical elements are ordered according to their properties from left to right and from top to bottom.

In the same group, all elements have the same number of electrons in their last layer. This makes the chemical properties of the elements very similar.

The period that an element occupies coincides with its last electronic layer. That is, an element with five electronic layers will be in the fifth period. This generates that the elements that are in the same row have different properties but similar masses.

The table is also divided into four groups, according to the orbital that the outermost electrons are occupying, and these groups are named according to the letter of the orbital referred to.

In summary, due to this classification by similarity in their characteristics, the elements are divided into three broad categories: metals, metalloids and nonmetals, which at the same time are divided into subgroups.

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