What sphere extends from inside earths crust to the lower atmosphere

Iknow #2 is d. i just need to know why

Calculate the expected ph values of the buffer systems from the experiments (a,b,c,d), using the henderson- hasselbalch equation, ph-pka+log[a-]/[ha]. use for pka values carbonic acid= 6.37, and acetic acid= 4.75.

The bond energy for the van der waals bond between two helium atoms is 7.9×10−4ev. assuming that the average kinetic energy of a helium atom is (3/2)kbt, at what temperature is the average kinetic energy equal to the bond energy between two helium atoms