What can you predict about an element based on where it is on the periodic table?

Can someone me with 3 and 4 plz. this is for masteries test.

Acalorimeter is to be calibrated: 51.203 g of water at 55.2 degree c is added to a calorimeter containing 49.783 g of water at 23.5c. after stirring and waiting for the system to equilibrate, the final temperature reached is 37.6 degree c. specific heat capacity of water (s = 4.18 j/g∙degree c). calculate the calorimeter constant. (smδt)warm water = -[(smδt)cold water + (calorimeterδtcold water)]

Consider the heating curve of h2o and line segments a, b, and c. several changes are taking place at a, b, and c. all but one would be an appropriate description as e move through segments a, b and then c.