1. Plan a controlled experiment to investigate how much the temperatures of cold sand and cold water change when hot water is added to them. Assume you have access to water, sand, containers, ice, a heat source, a scale, and thermometers. Summarize your experiment in a few sentences. 2. For your experiment in part 1, which factors would you keep constant?

3. On a hot day, water in a bucket gets warmer than water in a small swimming pool. What does this observation tell you about temperature changes when different amounts of the same material are heated?

4. Plan a controlled experiment to investigate how much the temperature of a large mass and a small mass of cold water changes when hot water is added. Assume you have access to water, containers, ice, a heat source, a scale, and thermometers. Summarize your experiment in a few sentences.

5. For your experiment in part 4, which factors would you keep constant?