Explain how the buffer impacted changes in pH for both Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide as compared to when these chemicals were added to water alone.

The scheme below is from a series of reactions that are part of a synthesis of vitamin a. answer the following questions with reference to this scheme. (i) what is "reagent a"? (ii) draw a step-by-step mechanism which explains the formation of compound c from compound b (iii) which reagents would you use to form compound e from compounds c and d (reagents b and c)? for each reagent suggested above in (ii) explain the role of the reagent in the reaction to (iv) form compound e. you may wish to do this by drawing a mechanism. 1. addition of reagent a но reagent a 2. н,о" thо oh нон-с compound a. compound b. compound c .ch-оh 1. reagent b "сно 2. reagent c сh oh compound e. compound d.

Although respiratory organs vary across different organisms, they all contain respiratory surfaces that have a large surface area and are extremely thin. explain why having an extremely thin respiratory surface with a large surface area is advantageous for the process of gas exchange

When hydrochloric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide solution, the following reaction occurs. hcl (aq) + koh (aq) h2o (l) + kcl (aq) the reaction gives off heat energy, so it is an reaction.