All atoms are a) positively charged, with the number of protons exceeding the number of electrons.
b) negatively charged, with the number of electrons exceeding the number of protons.
c) neutral, with the number of protons equaling the number of electrons.
d) neutral, with the number of protons equaling the number of electrons, which is
equal to the number of neutrons.

c) neutral, with the number of protons equaling the number of electrons.

Explanation:

Every atom is neutral. This is because they contain equal numbers of positive protons and negative electrons. Atoms, in which the number of electrons is not equal to the number of protons, are called ions. Ions can occur from ionic bonds in which two elements take and give electrons in order to fill their outer shell and become stable. The action of taking and giving electrons between atoms leaves those atoms to be either negatively charge( The atom has more electrons than protons) or positively charged (The atom has more less electrons than protons).

the reaction mixture contains some ammonia, plus a lot of unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen. the mixture is cooled and compressed, causing the ammonia gas to condense into a liquid. the liquefied ammonia is separated and removed. the unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen are then recycled back into the reactor .

definition

                    entropy is a measure of the randomness or the extent of disorder of a chemical process.

                      enthalpy is a measure of the heat change of a reaction occurring at a constant pressure.

measurement units:

                        entropy is measured in joule per kelvin (jk⁻¹)   whereas enthalpy is measured in joule per mole (jmol⁻¹)

requirements:

                            entropy has no requirements or limits, and its change is measured by the division between the heat change of the chemical process and the temperature.

                              in contrast, enthalpy can only be related to the heat change of the reaction under standard conditions.