Single-electron devices can be built using a metal nanoparticle as an island between two electrodes: one electron at a time is passing the nanoparticle “island” between the electrodes = the island behaves as a Coulomb blockage. When a Pb nanoparticle is used in a device, each Coulomb staircase step is measured to be 0.52 eV (the radius of Pb particle is 4.2 nm). a) Calculate what is the maximum temperature (in K) where the Coulomb blockage phenomenon can be observed for a such a Pb nanoparticle single-electron device (hint: thermal energy kBT)?
b) What is the maximum temperature where the Coulomb blockage phenomenon can be observed for a bulk Pb electrode with 1.0 cm2 surface area (capacitance of bulk lead is 16.1 μF/cm2)?

the best answer is d because the strong cohesion is caused by the ability of water molecules to undergo hydrogen bonding.

a is incorrect because when water solidifies, it becomes   ice, which expands and occupies a bigger volume for the same mass of water in its liquid state.

b is incorrect because water has high surface tension. besides bonding to itself it hydrogen bonds to other molecules at the top decreasing possibility for breaking of attractive forces.

c is incorrect because the water molecule has oxygen which is highly electronegative and so pulls the electron pair towards itself creating a dipole moment, making the molecule polar.

e is incorrect because water has strong adhesion, ability to stick to other molecules such as glass because of this molecules having stronger hydrogen bonding than water.

listen, you cant how young you were.

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