What happens during covalent bonding? A(The electrons of an atom are excited and jump into an orbital with a higher energy level.

B)The valence orbitals of multiple atoms combine to form one enormous orbital.

C)The ions form a well-ordered structure and are kept in place through strong attractions.

D)The attractive and repulsive forces between the atoms are equal and the atoms share electrons.

Calculate the expected ph values of the buffer systems from the experiments (a,b,c,d), using the henderson- hasselbalch equation, ph-pka+log[a-]/[ha]. use for pka values carbonic acid= 6.37, and acetic acid= 4.75.

Since the gas in your graduated cylinder is a mixture of butane and water vapor, you must determine the partial pressure of the butane, pbutane, alone. to do this, consult a reference and record the partial pressure of the water vapor, pwater, at the temperature you recorded. use the following formula to compute the partial pressure of the butane. pbutane = atmosphere - pwater use the following combined gas law formula and compute the volume that the butane sample will occupy at stp. (hint: convert both temperatures to kelvin.) pbutane x voriginal = pstandard x vfinal troom tstandard use the following ratio and proportion formula to determine the mass of butane needed to occupy a volume of 22.4 l at stp. grams of butane you used “x” grams of butane ml of butane corrected to stp = 22,400 ml compute the theoretical molar mass of butane based on its formula and the atomic masses on the periodic table. compare your experimental results from #3 to the theoretical value of #4, computing a percent error of your findings using this formula: % error = measured value - accepted value x 100 accepted value use the following ratio and proportion formula to determine the mass of butane needed to occupy a volume of 22.4 l at stp. need asap

12. calculate the hydroxide ion concentration of a solution with ph = 3.25. show all calculations leading to an answer