Carbon dioxide, at high concentrations, is toxic to the human body. In the Apollo moon missions, carbon dioxide scrubbers are used to maintain the level of carbon dioxide at a safe level in the space modules. The carbon dioxide scrubbers contain canisters of lithium hydroxide. Suggest an explanation how the carbon dioxide scrubber works and give a balanced equation (without state symbols and assuming that the relevant chemicals can react directly with each other) to support your answer.

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hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only hydrogens and carbons. they can be saturated (those which contain only carbon-carbon single bonds) or unsaturated (those which contain carbon-carbon double or triple bonds) in nature. hydrocarbons can undergo several reactions like substitution, elimination etc.  

on substituting one or more hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon it results in the formation of haloalkane. as the halogen atoms are large compared to the carbon and hydrogen atoms, due to which the molecular weight increases and the bond become polar because of presence electronegative halogen atom and results in the increase in boiling point of the haloalkane.

thus, the correct option is (b) that is the boiling point of the new compound increases on substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon.