Arrange the following in order of increasing Rf with TLC: a. acetic acid
b. acetaldehyde
c. 2-octanone
d. decane
e. 1-butanol

Decane> 2-octanone> acetaldehyde> acetic acid> 1-butanol

Explanation:

One of the most important factors that affect the retention factor (Rf) in chromatography is the polarity of the mobile phase.

We have to recall that effective separation in chromatography depends on the movement of the mobile phase over a stationary phase.

The more polar the mobile phase, the more it interacts with the solute and the more the distance it travels from the baseline. Thus high solvent polarity leads to higher Rf value.

Therefore, the order of increasing Rf values for the solvents in the question is; Decane> 2-octanone> acetaldehyde> acetic acid> 1-butanol

- calcium has greater affinity to bond with electron receptors than hydrogen does and hence, it has the ability to replace hydrogen in most of its compounds.

- lithium has 2 valence electrons in the product because it can make only 1 bond with hydrogen. beryllium has 4 valence electrons in the product because it can only make 2 bonds. it has fewer electrons than neon and can react with electron donors. each hydrogen has 2 valence electrons, the same as helium.

- the covalent bond formed between carbon and hydrogen is polar because carbon is more electronegative than hydrogen and it attracts the bonded electron pair closer to itself, thus giving hydrogen a partial positive charge.

- a hydrogen bond is a relatively weak bond that hydrogen atoms make with the electronegative atoms nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine.

so the best choice is a.) 2 calcium (ca) atoms

pie chart because it is in percents ( % )