Coffee or tea with sugar dissolved in it is an example of a water-based solution. Coffee in this case is the , sugar is the , and this means that the sugar molecules must be .

Solvent; solute; hydrophilic.

Explanation:

Solubility is a term used to describe how readily a substance can be dissolved in a solvent to form a solution. Thus, a substance is said to be soluble if it dissolves completely in a solvent and insoluble if it doesn't dissolve or only dissolves partially.

In Chemistry, dissolution can be defined as the process of dissolving or dissociating a solute in solid, liquid or gaseous phase into fragmented particles by a solvent in order to form a solution. For dissolution to occur in solids, the crystalline structure of the substance must be broken up so as to release ions, atoms or molecules to produce a solution. For liquid and gases, the substance to be dissolved must form a non-covalent bond with the solvent to produce a solution.

Hence, during the process of dissolution the solute maybe completely ionized, partially ionized, or it may remain intact.

For example, coffee or tea (liquid or solvent) with sugar (solid or solute) dissolved in it is a water-based solution.

In this scenario, coffee is the solvent, sugar is the solute, and this means that the sugar molecules must be hydrophilic because it has a degree of affinity for water i.e it is able to absorb some amount of water.

A solute can be defined as a substance that is typically dissolved in a liquid solvent such as water, coffee, tea, etc., to produce a solution.

On the other hand, a solvent is any liquid such as water, coffee, tea, etc., that dissolves a liquid, gaseous, or solid solute to produce a solution.

1. the question asks the most appropriate, which seems to rule out "all of the above." your choice appears to be the correct one.

2. the protocol described is good for identifying correlation, but not cause and effect. for cause/effect, you need to devise a protocol that will assign the treatment (or not) to groups that have essentially the same "demographics" with respect to all the other variables. your choice regarding control group seems appropriate. random assignment of treatment (choice d) may be appropriate also. (i think you can argue that b and d are just different descriptions of the same method.)

3. d will randomize the birds, but may not guarantee there are 10 in each group. e will do both, so seems the better choice.

comment on question 2

based on the problem statement, it seems clear that confident, attentive drivers are more likely to use daytime running lights. so, the protocol might need to be devised in such a way that the lights would be turned on or off without the driver's knowledge. (an attentive driver will figure it out.) assigning a confident, attentive driver to a group required to drive without running lights might mess with his/her confidence and attentiveness. you don't want your experiment to do that. (nor do you want the experiment to subject a driver to greater risk of accident as a consequence of driving without running lights.) experiments involving human safety are always problematic.

2b2t

explanation:

2b2t