Hey guys I really need help here, please answer this! I'd be most grateful :) 3. Besides the major types of radioactive decay, there are two others: positron emission and electron capture.
• Compare and contrast positrons with electrons.
• Explain how positron emission works and how it causes transmutations.
• Explain how electron capture works and how it causes transmutations.
• Compare the transmutations caused by positron emissions and electron capture.

I've been stuck on this problem for a while and it would mean a lot, thank you again!

See Explanation

Explanation:

Positrons are often called positive electrons. They have the same mass and magnitude of charge as the electron but are of opposite sign. This means that they are positively charged while electrons are negatively charged.

In positron emission, a proton is converted into a neutron and a positron. The anti neutrino is a particle that balances the spins.

In electron capture, an electron is converted to a neutron. The anti neutrino is a particle that balances the spins.

When transmutation occurs by positron emission, the mass number of the of the parent nucleus is the same as mass number of the daughter nucleus but the atomic number of daughter nucleus decreases by 1 while the neutron/proton ratio increases.

When transmutation occurs by electron capture, the mass number of the of the parent nucleus is the same as mass number of the daughter nucleus but the atomic number of daughter nucleus decreases by 1 while the neutron/proton ratio increases.

hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only hydrogens and carbons. they can be saturated (those which contain only carbon-carbon single bonds) or unsaturated (those which contain carbon-carbon double or triple bonds) in nature. hydrocarbons can undergo several reactions like substitution, elimination etc.  

on substituting one or more hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon it results in the formation of haloalkane. as the halogen atoms are large compared to the carbon and hydrogen atoms, due to which the molecular weight increases and the bond become polar because of presence electronegative halogen atom and results in the increase in boiling point of the haloalkane.

thus, the correct option is (b) that is the boiling point of the new compound increases on substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon.