What is the new freezing point for a 0.811m solution of Li2O in water?

Freezing T° of solution = - 4.52°C

Explanation:

ΔT = Kf . m . i

That's the formula for colligative property about freezing point depression.

Li₂O is an oxide that can not be dissociated but, if we see it's a ionic compound.

Li₂O →  2Li⁺  +  O⁻²

3 moles of ions have been formed. Ions dissolved in solution are i, what we call Van't Hoff factor.

m is molality → 0.811 m, this is data

Kf →Cryoscopic constant, for water is 1.86 °C/m

and ΔT = Freezing T° of pure solvent - Freezing T° of solution

We replace: 0°C - Freezing T° of solution = 1.86°C/m . 0.811 m . 3

Freezing T° of solution = - 4.52°C

first one is the correct answer

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.