Separation of mixtures and purification of chemical substances

The molality of calcium chloride (cacl2) in an aqueous solution is 2.46 m. what is mole fraction of the solute?

What do electromagnetic waves carry? how are they produced through which media can they move? where do they transfer energy? what do they not transfer? what do mechanical waves carry? how are they produced? through which media can they move? where do they transfer energy? what do they not transfer?

What is the reduction potential of a hydrogen electrode that is still at standard pressure, but has ph = 5.65 , relative to the she?