In a reaction a --> b, when c is added it reacts irreversibly with a. what can we say about c? a. c will make the reaction spontaneous. b. c is an intermediate. c. c will lower the rate of the reaction. d. c will increase the kinetic energy of molecules.

Imagine a small synthetic vesicle made from pure phospholipids enclosing an interior lumen containing 1 mm glucose and 1 mm sodium chloride. if the vesicle is placed in pure water, which of the following happens faster? a. na+ diffuses out. b. cl– diffuses out. c. h2o diffuses in. d. glucose diffuses out. e. sodium chloride diffuses out.