Avogadro’s law states that
equal numbers of moles of gases at the same conditions occupy equal volumes, regardless of the identity of the gases
at constant pressure, gas volume is directly proportional to absolute temperature
the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its amount in moles
at constant temperature, gas volume is inversely proportional to pressure

answer: c. the experiment shows that the red substance experienced a chemical change.

explanation: chemical change is the change in which chemical composition of the substance changes. physical change is the change in which there is no change in chemical composition.

chemical changes are accompanied by following changes:

a) precipitate formation

b) energy is released or absorbed

c) formation of bubbles

d) change in color

as it is given that the red color has disappeared and there is production of gas, it means the red substance has undergone a chemical change.

e

geosphere and hydrosphere.

this is because the geosphere has to do with geological events, while the hydrosphere controls all water on earth.