What is the half-life of a radioisotope if a 40 g sample becomes 10 g after 20 minutes?

Half life is defined as the amount of time it takes for a radioactive material to divide itself into half after radioactive decay process. So basically, after the prescribed half-life, what transforms to another material is 1/2 of the original and what is left is 1/2 as well. In this case, the formula applicable is 

ln N/No = -kt
where N represents the masses before and after decay, t is the time elapsed and k is the decay rate constant. 

Substituting, 
ln 10/40 = -k*20
-k  = -0.0693
To find t1/2 or half life, then
ln 0.5 = -k*t1/2
t1/2 = ln 0.5 / 0.0693 = 0.1 minutes

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