What type of decay process is demonstrated in the following reaction 40 -19k to 0 -1e+40-20ca?

Answer is: beta decay.

Nuclear reaction: ⁴⁰K → ⁴⁰Ca + e⁻.

Beta decay is radioactive decay in which a beta ray and a neutrino are emitted from an atomic nucleus.  

There are two types of beta decay: beta minus and beta plus.  

In beta minus decay, neutron is converted to a proton and an electron and an electron antineutrino.

In this nuclear reaction, potassium (atomic number 19) changes to calcium (atomic number 20), atomic number Z is increased by one.

the best answer is d because the strong cohesion is caused by the ability of water molecules to undergo hydrogen bonding.

a is incorrect because when water solidifies, it becomes   ice, which expands and occupies a bigger volume for the same mass of water in its liquid state.

b is incorrect because water has high surface tension. besides bonding to itself it hydrogen bonds to other molecules at the top decreasing possibility for breaking of attractive forces.

c is incorrect because the water molecule has oxygen which is highly electronegative and so pulls the electron pair towards itself creating a dipole moment, making the molecule polar.

e is incorrect because water has strong adhesion, ability to stick to other molecules such as glass because of this molecules having stronger hydrogen bonding than water.