Chemistry, 29.08.2019 04:30 olsen6932

Which way will the equilibrium shift if cool it to a low temperature?

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If you can provide the reaction you are looking at, then we can provide a more satisfactory answer.

If the forward reaction is exothermic, then reducing the temperature where the reaction occurs will shift the equilibrium towards the right. This is because exothermic reactions release heat, and this will counteract the change as stated in Le Chatelier's Principle.

If the forward reaction is endothermic, then reducing the temperature will shift to the left. This occurs as the backward reaction is the exothermic reaction, and by Le Chatelier's Principle, the reaction will favor the reaction that produces more in to counter a reduction in temperature, in this case the backward direction reaction.

Answer from: Quest

assuming that your periodic table has eighteen columns, you should highlight the four elements in the third column from the left of the table.

explanation

neutral atoms of elements after calcium contain d electrons. the energy of d orbitals of a particular main shell lies between the energy of the s and p orbitals of the next main shell. for example, electrons in the $3d$ have energy higher than those in the $4 s$ orbital while lower than those of the $4 p$ orbital.

by the aufbau principle, electrons fill orbitals one at a time, starting from those of the lowest energy. the $4s$ orbital is therefore filled right after $3p$ orbitals and before $3 d$ orbitals.

potassium has electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{1}$ and calcium $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2}$ . the s orbital of a main shell holds a maximum of two electrons. the next element would thus have the electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2} \; 3d^{1}$ and satisfy the requirements.

a neutral atom of the element contains three electrons on top of the most recent noble gas element. it should thus be placed in the third column of the periodic table. both scandium and yttrium would satisfy the conditions. an aufbau diagram indicates that the 4f orbital is filled before the 5d. however, it appears that exceptions exists for both lanthanum and actinium. neutral atoms of the two d-block elements also demonstrate the $ns^{2} \; (n-1) p^{1}$ and should be highlighted as well.

Answer from: Quest

the accuracy of the data.

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