Calculate the ratio of naf to hf required to create a buffer with ph = 4.05.

Ratio of NaF to HF required to create a buffer with pH=4.15 is 8.13

Explanation:

HF is an weak acid and NaF is a strong electrolyte containing (Conjugate base of HF)

Hence mixture of NaF and HF creates a buffer systems.

Applying Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to this buffer system-

Here, species inside third bracket represents their concentrations.

It is given that pH of buffer is 4.05 and literature value suggests of HF is 3.14

Plug-in these two values in the above equation-

As 1 molecule of NaF contains 1 molecule of therefore

it can be observed without changing the identity of the object.

it depends on what substance you're talking about as well as many other factors. in quantum mechanics, the observation of particles affects the observers ability to measure certain properties. for example: you can know the velocity of a particle, but you can't know it's position; or you can know it's position, but not it's velocity. it's like trying to find out where a grain of sand is by throwing other grains of sand at it. once you find out where it is, it's been moved. it's also like trying to find an answer to the question of whether or not a tree falling in a forest makes a sound if nobody is there to hear it. paradoxically, the only way to find out is to be there and hear it.

(b) which contains higher levels of vitamin b, oranges or spinach?

explanation:

you can eliminate a, c, and d because they are questions based on opinions.