Give the actual ground-state electron configuration for copper (cu) using the complete form.
express the electron configuration using superscripts where appropriate. for example, the configuration for li would be entered as 1s^22s^1.

Explanation:

As per Aufbau principle, in the ground state of an atom or ion the electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest energy levels first, before filling the higher energy levels.

Therefore, s-orbital energy level is filled before the filling of p-orbital. And, p-orbital is filled before the filling of d-orbital energy level and so on.

For example, the ground-state electron configuration for copper (Cu) is

As 10 electrons present in the d-shell makes it more stable therefore, there is actually only one electron is present in 4s shell.

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explanation:

covalent bonds

consist of pairs of electrons shared by two atoms, and bind the atoms to fixed orientation and requre high energies to break them

ionic bonds

when two atoms differ considerably in their electronegativity, then one of the atoms will lose its electron to the other atom. this results in a positively charged ion(cation) and a negatively charged ion (anion)

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explanation: