Measure of distance from one point to another

Read the given expression. x = number of protons − number of core electrons which of the following explains the identity of x and its trends across a period? x is the effective nuclear charge, and it remains constant across a period. x is the screening constant, and it remains constant across a period. x is the effective nuclear charge, and it increases across a period. x is the screening constant, and it increases across a period.

Some liquids can be distilled, but only at temperatures that are so high that it is impractical, or so high the compound decomposes. explain why distillation such compounds at significantly less than atmospheric pressure (some degree of vacuum) would solve this problem.

Which of the following is true about the speed of light? it depends on the wavelength.