Given the equation representing a system at equilibrium:
which change causes the equilibrium to shift?

(1) increasing pressure
(2) increasing temperature
(3) adding a noble gas
(4) adding a catalyst

What will most likely happen in the absence of a cell membrane? a) photosynthesis will not take place. b) the cell will not store food, water, nutrients, and waste. c) energy will not be released during cellular respiration. d) substances will pass in and out of the cell in an uncontrolled manner.