Why do scientists use atoms in the gas phase to measure ionization energies and electron affinities

nanotechnology is a powerful tool in biomaterials research as it creates numerous possibilities for the engineering of functional molecules. nano-bio refers to projected ability to incorporate biomimicry into various materials at nanoscale.  

the number of protons in the nucleus of a given element. has slight luster and conducts electricity at high temperatures like metal.but like a nonmetal,boron is brittle and does not conduct electricity well at low temperatures. in graphite, carbon is a soft,brittle solid.it is reflective,ductile,or malleable.