A study was conducted to see if increasing the substrate concentration has an appreciable effect on the velocity of a chemical reaction. With a substrate concentration of 1.5 moles per liter, the reaction was run 15 times, with an average velocity of 7.5 micromoles per 30 minutes and a standard deviation of 1.5. With a substrate concentration of 2.0 moles per liter, 12 runs were made, yielding an average velocity of 8.8 micromoles per 30 minutes and a sample standard deviation of 1.2. Is there any reason to believe that this increase in substrate concentration causes an increase in the mean velocity of the reaction of more than 0.5 micromole per 30 minutes

There is not enough evidence

Explanation:

For  1.5 moles substrate concentration per liter

Reaction ( n2 ) = 15 runs

average velocity ( x2 ) = 7.5 micromoles per 30 minutes

standard deviation ( s2 ) = 1.5

For 2.0 moles substrate concentration per liter

Reaction( n1 ) = 12 runs

average velocity ( x1 ) = 8.8 micromoles per 30 minutes

standard deviation ( s1 )  = 1.2

Show Reason to believe that this increase in substrate conc causes an increase in mean velocity

Hypothesis test

H0 : μ1 - μ2 = 0.5

H1 : μ1 - μ2  > 0.5

level of significance ( ∝ ) = 0.01

attached below is a detailed solution to the problem

P-value ( 0.073 ) > level of significance ( 0.01 ) hence we fail to reject the null hypothesis

hence there in not enough evidence to believe that this increase causes an increase in the mean velocity of the reaction of more than 0.5 micromole per 30 minutes

since the atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, as we move to the left on the periodic table, the electrostatic pull between the nucleus and the valence electron shell decreases. as we move down a group (vertical column), the valence shell energy level gets further and further from the nucleus.