Ammonia has been studied as an alternative "clean" fuel for internal combustion engines, since its reaction with oxygen produces only nitrogen and water vapor, and in the liquid form it is easily transported. An industrial chemist studying this reaction fills a tank with of ammonia gas and of oxygen gas, and when the mixture has come to equilibrium measures the amount of water vapor to be . Calculate the concentration equilibrium constant for the combustion of ammonia at the final temperature of the mixture. Round your answer to significant digits.

0.364

Explanation:

Let's do an equilibrium chart for the reaction of combustion of ammonia:

2NH₃(g) + (3/2)O₂(g) ⇄ N₂(g) + 3H₂O(g)

4.8atm 1.9atm 0 0 Initial

-2x -(3/2)x +x +3x Reacts (stoichiometry is 2:3/2:1:3)

4.8-2x 1.9-(3/2)x x 3x Equilibrium

At equilibrium the velocity of formation of the products is equal to the velocity of the formation of the reactants, thus the partial pressures remain constant.

If pN₂ = 0.63 atm, x = 0.63 atm, thus, at equilibrium

pNH₃ = 4.8 - 2*0.63 = 3.54 atm

pO₂ = 1.9 -(3/2)*0.63 = 0.955 atm

pH₂O = 3*0.63 = 1.89 atm

The pressure equilibrium constant (Kp) is calculated with the partial pressure of the gases substances:

Kp = [(pN₂)*(pH₂O)³]/[(pNH₃)²*]

Kp = [0.63*(1.89)³]/[(3.54)²*]

Kp = 4.2533/11.6953

Kp = 0.364

when 25.0 ml of 0.700 mol/l naoh was mixed in a calorimeter with 25.0 ml of 0.700 mol/l hcl, both initially at 20.0 °c, the temperature increased to 22.1 °c. the heat capacity of the calorimeter is 279 j/°c.

the equation for the reaction is:

naoh + hcl → nacl + h₂o

moles of hcl = 0.0250 l hcl ×

0.700

mol hcl

1 l hcl = 0.0175 mol hcl

volume of solution = (25.0 + 25.0) ml = 50.0 ml

mass of solution = 50.0 ml soln ×

1.00

ml soln

= 50.0 g soln

δt=t2-t1

= (22.1 – 20.0) °c = 2.1 °c

the heats involved are

heat from neutralization + heat to warm solution + heat to warm calorimeter = 0

q1+q2+q3=0

nδh+mcδt+cδt=0

0.0175 mol ×

δh

+ 50.0 g × 4.184 j·g⁻¹°c⁻¹ × 2.1 °c + 279 j°c⁻¹ × 2.1 °c = 0

0.0175 mol ×

δh

+ 439.32 j + 585.9 j = 0

0.0175 mol ×

δh

= -1025.22 j

δh=1025.22j0.0175 mol= -58 600 j/mol = -58.6 kj/mol

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