Calculate the quantities of lime and soda ash for excess-lime softening, and the carbon dioxide reacted for neutralization by two-stage recarbonation. Assume that the practical limits of hardness removal for calcium are 30 mg/l as and for magnesium are 10 mg/l as and that three-quarters of the final alkalinity is converted to bicarbonate. Calculate the finished hardness and sketch the bar graphs for the raw and finished waters.

explanation:

crosscutting concepts have application across all domains of science. as such, they are a way of linking the different domains of science. they include patterns; cause and effect; scale, proportion, and quantity; systems and system models; energy and matter; structure and function; and stability and change.

when—without warning—something provokes your anger, you may struggle not to succumb to it. since what typically makes you mad is feeling powerless in the face of what seems unfair, your anger is mostly an attempt at a “quick fix” to right the balance. it’s as though you’re raising a fist in protest, proclaiming that you’re not going to capitulate to such injustice.

there are, however, a multitude of problems related to this immediate, push-back reaction of anger. and probably the key one is that almost never does it resolve the issue that gave rise to it. such reactive anger is probably best understood as self-defeating. as david burns, the author of the seminal self- book feeling good, observes: if realistically, acting on your anger is to make any sense, it needs to meet two criteria—which, in almost every case, is frankly impossible. that is, your anger must:

be directed toward a person who has intentionally (and needlessly) behaved in a hurtful way toward you; and

be beneficial or advantageous to you (i.e., assist you in achieving a desired goal).

i think you’ll agree that only rarely can you claim that your anger is both warranted and , whether to yourself or the relationship.

so let me offer you a two-step alternative to abandoning your better judgment and giving in to the temptation of anger—one that should neutralize your anger in seconds. or, when you’re really angry, in minutes.

but keep in mind that you must really want to execute these steps, be sufficiently motivated to perform them. which means overcoming more unconscious resistance than you might ever have imagined. because there are many immediate “advantages” of anger that can interfere with your resolve, i’ll suggest a few of them that might interfere with your employing this powerful method to rid yourself of counter-productive anger.

explanation:

consider the reaction below.

 no rx

at 500 k, the reaction is at equilibrium with the following concentrations.

[pci5]= 0.0095 m

[pci3] = 0.020

[ci2] = 0.020 m

what is the equilibrium constant for the given reaction?

0.042

0.42

2.4

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