How much energy is needed to boil 32,500 mg of H2O at 100°C?

Phase changes in pure water occur at a specific temperature. At 1 atm, water freezes at 0° C and boils at 100° C. The energy required to change water from a liquid to a solid is 333.7 kJ/kg while the energy required to boil water is 2257 kJ/kg. The amount of energy needed to change the phase of water to a gas from a liquid is 540 times the amount of energy needed to raise the same amount of water 1° C.  

The reason so much heat needs to be added for a phase change can be understood by looking at the molecules of water. When you look closely at the molecules in a liquid, the molecules are relatively close together and they have a little room to jiggle. As you increase the temperature, the atoms continue to jiggle more and more, which causes an increase in the temperature.

At some point, the temperature stop changing and it reaches a plateau. This is where the molecules have moved as far apart from each other as they possibly can. Any additional energy that is added to the system goes into overcoming the attractive forces the molecules have on each other. When the attractive forces are overcome, some of the water molecules are able to escape which results in the water boiling.

Explanation:

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a. the law of proportion states the combination of 2 atoms in a specific ratio to produce multiple compounds such as the given statement of question ‘1st compound contains 88.8 % cu ’ indicates 88.8 g of cu is present along with 11.2 g oxygen in 100 g of compound whereas the statement ‘2st compound contains 79.9 % cu ’ indicates 79.9 g of cu is present along with 20.1 g oxygen in 100 g of compound

1st compound contains 88.8 g cu

for cu

m = 63 g /mol

atomic % = 88.8 /63 = 1.42

for o

m = 16 g /mol

atomic % = 11.2 /16 = 0.7

b. the emperical formula of 1st compound is

cu1.4o0.7

cu2o