How many moles of oxygen are needed to
completely react with 8 moles of zinc?

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Explanation:

Consider this balanced chemical equation:

2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O

We interpret this as “two molecules of hydrogen react with one molecule of oxygen to make two molecules of water.” The chemical equation is balanced as long as the coefficients are in the ratio 2:1:2. For instance, this chemical equation is also balanced:

100 H2 + 50 O2 → 100 H2O

This equation is not conventional—because convention says that we use the lowest ratio of coefficients—but it is balanced. So is this chemical equation:

5,000 H2 + 2,500 O2 → 5,000 H2O

Again, this is not conventional, but it is still balanced. Suppose we use a much larger number:

12.044 × 1023 H2 + 6.022 × 1023 O2 → 12.044 × 1023 H2O

These coefficients are also in the ratio of 2:1:2. But these numbers are related to the number of things in a mole: the first and last numbers are two times Avogadro’s number, while the second number is Avogadro’s number. That means that the first and last numbers represent 2 mol, while the middle number is just 1 mol. Well, why not just use the number of moles in balancing the chemical equation?

2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O

is the same balanced chemical equation we started with! What this means is that chemical equations are not just balanced in terms of molecules; they are also balanced in terms of moles. We can just as easily read this chemical equation as “two moles of hydrogen react with one mole of oxygen to make two moles of water.” All balanced chemical reactions are balanced in terms of moles.

Example 8

Interpret this balanced chemical equation in terms of moles.

P4 + 5 O2 → P4O10

Solution

The coefficients represent the number of moles that react, not just molecules. We would speak of this equation as “one mole of molecular phosphorus reacts with five moles of elemental oxygen to make one mole of tetraphosphorus decoxide.”

Test Yourself

Interpret this balanced chemical equation in terms of moles.

N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3

Answer

One mole of elemental nitrogen reacts with three moles of elemental hydrogen to produce two moles of ammonia.

c. orbital shape i hope this is correct