Ceils and Organelles Test Review 1) What are the parts of the cell that have specific functions
called?
2) The organelle responsible for making proteins.
3) The organelle responsible for storing food, water, waste and
nutrients.
4) Name the 2 lipids.
5) Why are proteins important in our diet?
6) Name the 2 carbohydrates.
7) Name the structure that provides cell support and allows
needed materials to enter and exit the cell
8) The organelle that supplies energy to the cell.
9) The control center of the cell is the
10) Cellulose is a carbohydrate found in a
cell
11) Name 1 healthy carb and 1 unhealthy carb.
12) Name 1 healthy fat and 1 unhealthy fat.
13) List the 4 functions of a cell.

organelles

organellesThe parts of the cell that are organized for specific functions are called organelles. The organelles include such structures as the nucleus and the mitochondria. The nucleus contains the genetic material and the mitochondria convert energy.

Ribosomes, large complexes of protein and ribonucleic acid (RNA), are the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesisVacuoles store water, food, and waste. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a series of tunnels throughout the cytoplasm.Lipids include triacylglycerols, phospholipids, and sterols. Triacylglycerols, the most common lipid, comprise most body fat and are described as fats and oils in food.Every cell in the human body contains protein. The basic structure of protein is a chain of amino acids. You need protein in your diet to help your body repair cells and make new ones. Protein is also important for growth and development in children, teens, and pregnant women.The two main forms of carbs are: simple carbohydrates (or simple sugars): including fructose, glucose, and lactose, which also are found in nutritious whole fruits. complex carbohydrates (or starches): found in foods such as starchy vegetables, whole grains, rice, and breads and cerealsPlasma membrane. The plasma membrane is the outer lining of the cell. It separates the cell from its environment and allows materials to enter and leave the cell.mitochondrionbean-shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA (plural: mitochondria)The nucleus, formed by a nuclear membrane around a fluid nucleoplasm, is the control center of the cell. Threads of chromatin in the nucleus contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the genetic material of the cell.Cellulose: A complex carbohydrate that is the chief component of the cell walls of plants, composed of a long chain of repeating glucose units. Cellulose can only be digested by bacteria, which often grow symbiotically in the guts of animals like ruminants and termites.Although we can't actually digest fiber, it does have important health benefits. The healthiest carbohydrates come from fruits, vegetables, beans, legumes, and whole grains. Whole grains contain three components: the fiber-rich outer bran, the nutrient-rich central germ, and the starchy middle layer (endosperm).

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