Microorganisms are grown in laboratory bioreactors to study their effectiveness in destroying hazardous organic compounds. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is a soluble salt that is often added to the reactor to provide a source of the nutrient nitrogen to the microorganisms. Consider a 2L closed vessel that is half filled with otherwise pure water. A quantity of 500 mg of ammonium chloride is completely dissolved in the water. Some of the ammonium ions (NH4+) dissociate toform ammonia (NH3) and liberate a proton (H+). Some of the ammonia molecules escape into the gas phase. Required:
a. Set up a system of equations that you could use to solve for the equilibrium pH of the water.
b. Calculate the equilibrium pH.

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for step 7 table c on the lab "newtons law of action"   the average time it took the car to travel .25 meters   was 1.92 seconds.

the average time it took the car to travel 0.50 meters was 2.61 seconds

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as given the equation is

2al + 6 hcl > 2 alcl3 + 3 h2(g)

as per equation two moles of aluminum reacts with six moles of hcl to give two moles of alcl3 and three moles of hydrogen gas

given: three moles of al are present and 7 moles of hcl

for three moles of aluminum nine moles of hcl will be required

however as 7 moles of hcl are present so the limiting reagent is hcl

hcl is going to decide the number of moles of product formed

when six moles of hcl are present = 3 moles of h2 are formed

when one mole of hcl is present == 3/6 mole sof h2 will be formed

when 7 moles of hcl are present = 3 x 7/ 6 moles of h2 will be formed = 3.5 moles of h2

substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon:

- the single bond remains single. a is wrong.

- the bond with hydrogen is as strong as with a halogen. c is wrong

- a hydrocarbon is saturated if there is no double bond. we do not know that so d is wrong.

- carbon will always have four valence electrons. e is wrong.

by elimination, the correct answer is b. the boiling point of the new compound increases.