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Spontaneity tell us the direction of the reaction, but not how fast it goes. gibbs free energy brings together enthalpy, entropy and temperature in one easy formula. g = h - ts. and, finally the sign of delta g is always negative for a spontaneous reaction.

Matter- occupies space and possesses rest massno matter is the opposite

Both models are effective because they show the valence electrons, and these valence electrons indicate the reactivity of an element.