What did ernest rutherford’s gold foil experiment demonstrate about atoms?

a. their positive charge is located in a small region that is called the nucleus.
b. their negative charge is located in small particles that are called electrons.
c. their nucleus makes up the majority of the volume of the atom.
d. their electrons are floating in a sea of positive charges.

option A.Their positive charge is located in a small region that is called the nucleus.

Explanation:

Ernest Rutherford’s gold foil experiment consisted in shooting positive particles called α particles, which are nucleii of helium atoms (2 protons and 2 neutrons), to a thin gold film.

Rutherford expected that most particles passed straight forward through the thin gold film and some to be slightly deflected.

But the results showed that, in spite of most particles passing straight forward as expected, some particles bounced off the film at great angles. This was totally unexpected.

Since, the α particles have positive charge, the explanation for this bouncing was given by the existence of a small nucleus that concentrated most part of the mass and was positively charged (such that this positive charged repeled the positive α particles).

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explanation:

covalent bonds

consist of pairs of electrons shared by two atoms, and bind the atoms to fixed orientation and requre high energies to break them

ionic bonds

when two atoms differ considerably in their electronegativity, then one of the atoms will lose its electron to the other atom. this results in a positively charged ion(cation) and a negatively charged ion (anion)