Chemistry, 17.01.2020 19:31 aislynrae22

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a scientist on earth drops a hammer and a feather at the same time an astronaut on the moon drops a hammer and a feather.

which result is expected?

a. the hammer hits the ground before the feather on both earth and the moon.

b. the hammer hits the ground before the feather on earth, but the feather hits the ground first on the moon.

c. the hammer and the feather hit the ground together on both earth and the moon.

d. the hammer hits the ground before the feather on earth, and the hammer and feather hit at the same time on the moon.

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When a scientist on Earth drops a hammer and a feather at the same time an astronaut on the moon drops a hammer and a feather, the result expected is that the hammer hits the ground before the feather on Earth, and the hammer and feather hit at the same time on the moon (option D).

Explanation:

In the abscence of atmosphere (vacuum), the objects fall in free fall. This is, the only force acting on the objects is the gravitational pull, which is directed vertlcally downward.

Under such absecence of air, the equations that rules the motion are:

V = Vo + gtd = Vo + gt² / 2Vf² = Vo² + 2gd

As you see, all those equations are independent of the mass and shape of the object. This explains why when an astronaut on the moon drops a hammer and a feather at the same time, the hammer and feather hit at the same time on the moon, a space body where the gravitational attraction is so small (approximately 1/6 of the gravitational acceleration on Earth) that does not retain atmosphere.

On the other hand, the air (atmosphere) present in Earth will exert a considerable drag force on the feather (given its shape and small mass), slowing it down, whereas, the effect of the air on the hammer is almost neglectable. In general and as an approximation, the motion of the heavy bodies that fall near the surface is ruled by the free fall equations shown above, so, the result that is expected when a scientist on Earth drops a hammer and a feather at the same time is that the hammer hits the ground before the feather.

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