The compound sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate, Na2S2O3.5H20, is important commercially to the pho-
tography business as "hypo," because it has the abil-
ity to dissolve unreacted silver salts from photo-
graphic film during development. Sodium thiosulfate
pentahydrate can be produced by boiling elemental
sulfur in an aqueous solution of sodium sulfite.
Sg(s) +8Na2SO3(aq) 40H2O(1) -Na2S2O3-5H2O(s)
(unbalanced)
What is the theoretical yield of sodium thiosulfate
pentahydrate when 3.25 g of sulfur is boiled with 13.1
g of sodium sulfite? Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate
is
very
soluble in water. What is the percent yield of
the synthesis if a student doing this experiment is able
to isolate (collect) only 5.26 g of the product?

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definition

                    entropy is a measure of the randomness or the extent of disorder of a chemical process.

                      enthalpy is a measure of the heat change of a reaction occurring at a constant pressure.

measurement units:

                        entropy is measured in joule per kelvin (jk⁻¹)   whereas enthalpy is measured in joule per mole (jmol⁻¹)

requirements:

                            entropy has no requirements or limits, and its change is measured by the division between the heat change of the chemical process and the temperature.

                              in contrast, enthalpy can only be related to the heat change of the reaction under standard conditions.

water and alcohols have similar properties because water molecules contain hydroxyl groups that can form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and with alcohol molecules, and likewise alcohol molecules can form hydrogen bonds with other alcohol molecules as well as with water.