Use proton number and the simple structure of atoms to explain the basis of the periodic table , with special reference to the elements of proton number 1-20

Explanation:

The periodic table is based on the premise of the periodic law that has been modified.

The periodic law  states that "the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic number".

So, the atomic number of an atom is the number of protons within the atom. Protons are positively charged particles within an atom.

They are used to delineate the position of the atoms on the periodic table. The periodic position of an element corresponds to its proton number.

For example:

Proton number  Element

      1                     Hydrogen

      2                     Helium

      3                     Lithium

      4                     Beryllium

      5                      Boron

      6                      Carbon

      7                      Nitrogen

      8                      Oxygen

      9                       Fluorine

      10                     Neon

      11                       Sodium

     12                      Magnesium

     13                       Aluminum

      14                      Silicon

      15                     Phosphorus

      16                      Sulfur

      17                      Chlorine

      18                       Argon

      19                       Potassium

      20                       Calcium