What technology allowed scientists to collect new data on layers of the earth

Scientists can learn about the different layers of earth by observing the seismic waves that are recorded all over the surface of the earth from distant earthquakes.

Basically the answer is Seismic-Wave Data :)

Atomicity occurs to prevent updates of the database occurring only partially, which can cause greater problems than rejecting the whole series outright.some are monatomic, diatomic, triatomic etc because it shows the number of atoms. for example, monatomic means it contains only one atom.

It conforms what ever surface its in.