A solution containing a mixture of lactic acid and lactate was found to have a pH of 4.34. Calculate the ratio of the lactate concentration to the lactic acid concentration in this solution.

3.02

Explanation:

Step 1: Given and required acid

pH of the solution: 4.34

pKa of lactic acid: 3.86

Step 2: Calculate the ratio of the lactate concentration to the lactic acid concentration in this solution

We have a buffer system formed by a weak acid (lactic acid) and its conjugate base (lactate ion). We can find the ratio of the lactate concentration to the lactic acid concentration in this solution using the Henderson-Hasselbach equation.

pH = pKa + log [lactate]/[lactic acid]

4.34 = 3.86 + log [lactate]/[lactic acid]

[lactate]/[lactic acid] = 3.02

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