How do you know the charge of a +1 cations of sodium?

Can someone me with 3 and 4 plz. this is for masteries test.

How could a student test the effect of removing heat from a gas that is stored in a sealed container? what must occur in order for matter to change states?

Ascientist wants to know how individual lions within a pride interact with each other in their own environment. to do this, the scientist sedates and tags all of the lions within a pride. then, he places several remotely-controlled video cameras near the lions' den and performs an observational field study. he collects continuous video footage over the span of one year, analyzes the video, and then forms conclusions based on his observations.