why is the difference between the result for an ideal gas and that calculated using the van der waals equation greater when the gas is confined to 5.00 L compared to 22.4 L

The question is incomplete, the complete question is;

In Sample Exercise 10.16, we found that one mole of Cl2 confined to 22.41 L at 0 °C deviated slightly from ideal behavior. Calculate the pressure exerted by 1.00 mol Cl2 confined to a smaller volume, 5.00 L, at 25 °C. (a) First use the ideal-gas equation and (b) then use the van der Waals equation for your calculation. (Values for the van der Waals constants are given in Table 10.3.) (c) Why is the difference between the result for an ideal gas and that calculated using the van der Waals equation greater when the gas is confined to 5.00 L compared to 22.4 L?

See explanation

Explanation:

Since we have

For 5.00 L using Ideal gas law;

PV= nRT

P = nRT/V

P = 1 * 0.082 * 298 K/5.00

P= 4.887 atm

Using Van der walls equation;

[P + an^2/v^2] *  [V - nb] = nRT

P = (nRT/ [V - nb]) - (an^2/v^2)

P= 1 * 0.082 * 298/5 - (1 * 0.0562) - (6.49(1^2)/5^2)

P = (24.436/4.9438) - 0.2596

P= 4.683 atm

For 22.4 L

P = nRT/V

P = 1 * 0.082 * 298 K/22.4

P= 1.0909 atm

Using Van der Walls equation;

[P + an^2/v^2] *  [V - nb] = nRT

P = (nRT/ [V - nb]) - (an^2/v^2)

P= 1 * 0.082 * 298/22.4 - (1 * 0.0562) - (6.49(1^2)/22.4^2)

P= (24.436/ 22.3438) - 0.0129

P= 1.081 atm

According to Boyle's law, pressure is inversely proportional to volume. Increase in volume leads to decrease in pressure. Therefore the pressure calculated both by the ideal gas equation and Van der Waals equation at 5.00 L is greater than that calculated using both methods at 22.4 L

water   molecules stay close to each other through cohesion, the collective action of hydrogen bonds between water molecules. cohesion plants draw water upwards from the root through the stem's transport tubes (xylem) to the leaf. this transport occurs even in large trees and against gravity. transpiration, evaporation of water from plant leaves, creates a tension on water molecules being pulled up from the stem and roots.

water also has high (the attraction of one substance to another) properties because of its polar nature. adhesion of water molecules to plant cell walls counteract gravity while water is transported from roots to leaves.

water exhibits a very high surface tension when compared to other liquids. surface tension is a property of a liquid that holds the surface together and allows it to resist an external force. by capillary action, the water forms concave menisci inside the pores. the high surface tension of water pulls the concavity outwards, generating enough force to lift water from the roots to the leaves of plants.

thus, cohesion, along with adhesion and surface tension creates a capillary action that keeps water molecules interacting and moving through the plants out to the leaf cells.

therefore, option d) is the correct answer.

explanation: