Identify the element of Period 2 which has the following successive ionization energies in kJ mol: IE1,1314 IE2,3389 IE3,5398 IE4, 7471
IE5, 100992 IE6,13329 IE,71345 IE8,84087

a. Li
b. B
c. O
d. Ne
e. None of these

c.O

Explanation:

From the periodic table:

Ionization energy tends to increase from IE6 → IE7 drastically at 13329 to 71345. Hence, from this process, we can infer that the removal of electrons takes place from the inner shell which in turn has a higher affinity for the nucleus. This must be oxygen because oxygen contains 6 valence electrons. The removal of this valence electron after the sixth ionization results in the achievement of a stable nearest Noble gas configuration. Hence, the rapid change in the ionization is obvious from IE6 to IE7.

Thus, the element that relates to the IE trend is oxygen.

the best answer is d because the strong cohesion is caused by the ability of water molecules to undergo hydrogen bonding.

a is incorrect because when water solidifies, it becomes   ice, which expands and occupies a bigger volume for the same mass of water in its liquid state.

b is incorrect because water has high surface tension. besides bonding to itself it hydrogen bonds to other molecules at the top decreasing possibility for breaking of attractive forces.

c is incorrect because the water molecule has oxygen which is highly electronegative and so pulls the electron pair towards itself creating a dipole moment, making the molecule polar.

e is incorrect because water has strong adhesion, ability to stick to other molecules such as glass because of this molecules having stronger hydrogen bonding than water.

atomic mass = 39

number of neutrons = 20

number of protons= 19

electronic configuration = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1

the number of electron in first shell = 2

number of electrons in n=3 shell = 8